Condição de saúde bucal, estado nutricional e perfil socioeconômico de pacientes com necessidades especiais / Oral health condition, nutritional status and socio-economic profile of patients with special needs

Introdução: A abordagem odontológica precoce dos pacientes com deficiência é importante para determinar a sua qualidade de higiene bucal, estimular a realização de higiene periódica e capacitar o núcleo familiar, que será o responsável por tal tarefa. Uma relação entre saúde bucal e estado nutricional existe, mas ainda não se encontram na literatura muitos estudos que fundamentem essa afirmação adequadamente. Objetivo: Avaliar e relacionar a idade, o sexo, a condição de saúde bucal, o estado nutricional e o perfil socioeconômico dos pacientes com necessidades especiais da Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE), de um município gaúcho. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal, de análise descritiva, realizado no Centro Ocupacional Santa Rita de Cássia em Caxias do Sul - RS, relacionando variáveis como dados obtidos com aplicação do índice CPO-D (dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados) na investigação da condição bucal, questionário semiestruturado para avaliação do perfil socioeconômico e avaliação antropométrica do estado nutricional. Resultados: 40% da amostra foram classificados com sobrepeso; 63,3% obtiveram CPO-D satisfatório e 30% são de classe econômica C1. Houve relação significativa entre idade e condição bucal. Conclusão: Neste estudo, a condição de saúde bucal dos pacientes com necessidades especiais foi positiva na maioria dos usuários, tendo relação com a idade.

Introduction: The early dental approach of patients with disabilities is important to determine the quality of oral hygiene of this population, to stimulate the periodic hygiene, to empower the family nucleus, which will be responsible for this task. A relationship between oral health and nutritional status exists, but many studies are not yet found in the literature to substantiate this claim adequately. Objective: To evaluate and to correlate the age, gender, oral health condition, nutritional status and socio-economic profile of patients with special needs at APAE ­ Associaçao de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais, in a city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in the South of Brazil. Method: This is an observational, cross sectional study of descriptive analysis, performed at Santa Rita de Cássia Occupational Center, in Caxias do Sul, in the South of Brazil, relating variables such as data obtained using the DMF-T index (decayed, lost and filled teeth) in the investigation of the oral condition; semi-structured questionnaire to evaluate the socio-economic profile, and anthropometric evaluation of the nutritional status. Results: The results show that 40% of the sample were classified as overweight; 63.3%) demonstrated satisfactory DMF-T, and 30% were in C1 socio-economic class. There was a significant relationship between age and oral condition. Conclusion: In this study the oral health condition of patients with special needs was positive for most of the patients, and it's related to their age.

Meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging accuracy for diagnosis of oral cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an auxiliary means for the diagnosis of oral cancer through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: An exhaustive search of publications from 1986 to 2016 was performed of Medline, Embase and Cochrane (and related databases), including grey literature. Primary diagnostic accuracy studies that assessed oral cancer (target condition) using MRI (index test) were included. Diagnostic threshold, sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were performed. A meta-analysis was performed using Meta-DiSc® v. 1.4 software. RESULTS: A total of 24 primary studies were assessed, comprising 1,403 oral cancer lesions. Nine studies used diffusion-weighted MRI, with a diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 30.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.7-74.3) and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.917 (95% CI: 0.915-0.918); seven studies used dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, with a DOR of 48.1 (95%CI: 22.4-103.2) and AUC of 0.936 (95% CI: 0.934-0.937); and 13 studies used traditional MRI, with a DOR of 23.9 (95%CI: 13.2-43.3) and AUC of 0.894 (95% CI: 0.894-0.895). Meta-regression analysis indicated that the magnetic field strength may have influenced the heterogeneity of the results obtained (p = 0.0233) using traditional MRI. Sensitivity analysis revealed a discrete reduction of inconsistency in some subgroups. CONCLUSION: The three types of MRI assessed exhibited satisfactory accuracy compared to biopsy. Considering the relevance of early treatment and screening and that better health care results in improved survival rates and quality of life for oral cancer patients, we suggest the use of MRI as a part of the pre-treatment and monitoring protocol at public health services.